Apparatus for electric lighting.



W. D. UPTEGRAPF.

' APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

' APPLTGATION FILED MAY 26, 1909.

1,044,950; Patented Nov; 19, 19.12."- 1

WITNE SES: INVENTOR.

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I v r I WALTER D. UPTEGRAFF, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

Application filed May 2 6, 1909. Serial No. 498,513.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VALTER D. Ur'raonAFF, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Pittsburgh, county of Allegheny, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Electric Lighting, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a class of apparatus in which an illuminant or glower is employed which does not readily conduct current when subjected to normal differences of otential but which can be rendered coniluctive by heating. It has been found that certain materials can be made to conduct an electric current under the influence of avery high difference of potential, or if heated can be made to receive current under a lower difference of potential. In general, it may be stated that a glower of very high efiiciency can be made which will require either to be started by pre liminary heating or by the application of a very high difference of potential, and that if the proper modifications be made in its; ermit it to start at a lower.

structure to difierence potential, the efiiciency is liable to be materially lessened.-

My invention involves the use of two or more glowers having difierent startin starting-under the lowest difference of potential will be the first traversed by an electric current and give a preliminarylighting and by im artin heat to the adjacentglower whic is a apted to receive current ontliy when heated or subjected to a higher d1 erence of potential than normal, wheres upon the current under the normal difference of potential will traverse the second glower, and usually the current flow through t e first glower then automatically interrupted. In the event that it is desired to continue the series beyond two, the same operation is repeated until the glower affording the maximumefiiciency, as well as oflering the greatest resistance to starting, is traversed by the current.

It has been found that a' glower made for instance of a mixture of approximately 90% of yttria and 10% of tungstic oxid prepared and formed into glowers accordmg to the method now commonl em loyed in. themanufacture of so-cal ed ernst glowers, will receive current, while it is stillin a. cold state, if an adequate difference of potential is applied to its terminals.

For instance, a glower of this character may.

be made which will start, upon the application of 800 volts, but when heated by the flow of current the voltage required to maintain it in a conducting state may fall as low as 200 volts or less. Likewise, the proportions of the glower, and also the roportions of the ingredients, may be modified to produce a glower which will start upon much lower voltages, say, 100 volts or less. By placing the glower which will start, say, upon, 200 volts in parallel circuit with the one starting on 800 volts, the heat developed in the former may be imparted to the latter and when thus heated the 800 volt glower is brought into a condition to the started by the application of the 200 volts difference of potential, whereupon the-first named glower may be cut out of circuit.

'11: is to be understood that the foregoing mixture of materials is named merely as illustrative, and that other materials of suitable characteristics may be employed.

In the accompanying drawing, I have illustrated a method of applying the invention.

Referring to the drawing, 1 and 2 represent conductors of an electric circuit supp lied with current at, say, 200 volts. characteristics, so arranged that the glower 3 and 4 respectivel re resent glowers. The glower 3, is capable 0? taking current when the difference of potential existing upon the line is, say, 200 volts. The glower 4, however, requires in order to start it, either a very volts, or else requires to be heated, whereupon it will be traversed by a voltage of 200. The glower 3 is connected in circuit through a suitable ballast, 5, and a cut-out device 6, while the glower 4 is connected across the circuit through a ballast, 7, and the magnet 8, of the cut-out device 6. When current is caused to flow through the glower 3, it will impart heat to the glower 4, which, when it becomes conductive at an electro-motive force of 200, will receive current and automatically cut the glower 3 out of circuit.

I claim as m invention: a

1. The com ination of two or more glowers having substantiall equal lightemitting qualities and diti characteristics, means for starting one o the glowers bythe influence of a given difference of potential, imparting much higher potential say, 800

erent startin that glower to a glower requiring a higher Corrections in. Letters Patent No. 1,044,950.

starting voltage when cold, and means for cutting the first glower out of circuit by the action of the current flow through the second glower.

2. In an electric lighting device, the combination of two bodies for use as light-emit-- ting glowers, one having a normal starting resistance greater thanthe other, said glowers being located Within-heat radiating proximity.

3. The combination of two glowers having high light-emitting qualities and different critical starting voltages in heat radiating relation one with the other and means for cutting the one having the lower critical voltage out of circuit by the action of current traversing the one having the higher critical voltage.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for [SEAL] 4. The combination of a "glower having high light-emitting qualities and a critical starting voltage, means for applying to its terminals a vpltage suflicient to start a current flow therethrough, a' second glower having as high light-emitting qualities and a higher starting voltage located in heatradiating distance from the first named glower and means for cutting the first named glower out'of circuit by the action of current traversing the second glower.

Signed at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, this 24th day of'May, A. D. 1909.

' WALTER D. UPTEGRAFF. Witnesses: 7

(also. J. TAYLOR, M. K. GARRETT.

Washington, Di 0.

It is hereby certiiied that in Letters Patent No. 1,044,950, granted November 19, 1912, upon the application of Walter D. Uptegratf; of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania," for: an improvement in Apparatus for Electric Lighting, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1-, line 73, for the article the read be," same page, line'74 after the word volts strike out the apostrophe; andthat the said Letters Patent should be read with these correctionstherein that the saine may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

, Signed and sealed this 10th day of December, A. D.,- 1-912.

- C. C. BILLINGS, Acting Oommz'esioner Qf Patents.

five cents'ea'ch, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, I

Corrections in. Letters Patent No. 1,044,950.

starting voltage when cold, and means for cutting the first glower out of circuit by the action of the current flow through the second glower.

2. In an electric lighting device, the combination of two bodies for use as light-emit-- ting glowers, one having a normal starting resistance greater thanthe other, said glowers being located Within-heat radiating proximity.

3. The combination of two glowers having high light-emitting qualities and different critical starting voltages in heat radiating relation one with the other and means for cutting the one having the lower critical voltage out of circuit by the action of current traversing the one having the higher critical voltage.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for [SEAL] 4. The combination of a "glower having high light-emitting qualities and a critical starting voltage, means for applying to its terminals a vpltage suflicient to start a current flow therethrough, a' second glower having as high light-emitting qualities and a higher starting voltage located in heatradiating distance from the first named glower and means for cutting the first named glower out'of circuit by the action of current traversing the second glower.

Signed at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, this 24th day of'May, A. D. 1909.

' WALTER D. UPTEGRAFF. Witnesses: 7

(also. J. TAYLOR, M. K. GARRETT.

Washington, Di 0.

It is hereby certiiied that in Letters Patent No. 1,044,950, granted November 19, 1912, upon the application of Walter D. Uptegratf; of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania," for: an improvement in Apparatus for Electric Lighting, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1-, line 73, for the article the read be," same page, line'74 after the word volts strike out the apostrophe; andthat the said Letters Patent should be read with these correctionstherein that the saine may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

, Signed and sealed this 10th day of December, A. D.,- 1-912.

- C. C. BILLINGS, Acting Oommz'esioner Qf Patents.

five cents'ea'ch, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, I 

